1) Gothic thrives on the uncertainty and even fear that is generated by the perceived or suspected contrast between appearance and reality. Demonstrate with reference to Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” and/or “The Minister’s Black Veil”.

2) Gothic writing draws not just on private psychological concerns, but also on anxieties that are shared by groups of people. In American Gothic, such anxieties include the issue of race and slavery; sexuality; the position of women; the tension between religion and science; the relation between America and Europe. Demonstrate with reference to Melville’s “The Paradise of Bachelors and The Tartarus of Maids” and/or “The Bell-Tower”